II.4 Observation of Moss Capsules

Aim

To study the structure of moss capsules and their role in spore production.

Specimen & Apparatus

• Moss with capsules (e.g. Bryum or Funaria)
• Forceps or needle
• Slide and coverslip
• Water
• Compound microscope

Method

1. Select a moss plant bearing visible capsules.
2. Remove a capsule using forceps.
3. Place on a slide with a drop of water.
4. Gently open or compress the capsule to release contents if required.
5. Apply a coverslip and examine under low and higher magnification.

Observations to Make

• Shape and structure of the capsule.
• Presence and appearance of spores.
• Any internal structures visible within the capsule.
• Differences between intact and opened capsules.

⚠️ Safety: Please read the Safety & Disclaimer page before attempting this exercise.